Important Note: This article is part of the series in which TechReport.us discusses the theory of Video Stream Matching.
In the realm of Video Stream Matching, four essential features are integral:
Histogram
Edge
Slope
Wavelet
Here, we will delve into the algorithms associated with each of these features one by one.
4.4.1 Histogram Feature Extraction
4.4.1.1 Algorithm 2
As outlined in Chapter 3.
Input:
BMP Image
Output:
Array of numerical values defining the Histogram
Working:
The algorithm takes an image as input.
If the image is not already in grayscale, it is converted into grayscale.
The image is then divided into tiles, and the histogram of each tile is calculated.
The calculated histograms are stored in columns and rows, forming a 2D array that represents the result.
Algorithm Steps:
Step 0: Start
Step 1: Take input of an image (im).
Step 2: Check if (im) is in grayscale. If not, convert (im) into grayscale.
Steps 3-8: Loop through tiles of the image, extract sub-images, calculate histograms (H), increment the number of bins (NumBins), and store the histograms in the resultant array (ResArray).
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Algorithm 1, focusing on mean frame extraction from AVI videos, operates similarly for both source and target videos. It stores the first and last frames and extracts a defined percentage of frames (10%) as temporary frames. Each temporary frame undergoes histogram calculation and comparison using the KS Test. Frames with differing distributions are saved as mean frames. This process continues until all frames are processed. The algorithm is outlined with steps for video input, temporary frame extraction, histogram calculation, and mean frame storage, ensuring efficient mean frame extraction for subsequent analysis in video stream matching.
The Video Stream Matching (VSM) system accepts AVI format videos as valid input for both source and target videos. For target images, BMP, JPEG, and GIF formats are accepted. VSM outputs information indicating whether the target video matches any part of the source video, or if the target image matches any frame of the source video. The system is implemented in MATLAB 7.0 on a Windows XP environment, running on a P-3, 1000MHz system. To run the application, users type “VSM” on the MATLAB command prompt, triggering the appearance of a graphical user interface (GUI).
The article begins by highlighting the dynamic nature of image processing in the context of advancing information technology. It predicts a future shift from image to video processing due to the increasing prevalence of videos over text-based media. The Video Stream Matcher (VSM) is introduced as a tool for analyzing video data using statistical models like KS Test, Variation, Mean, and Norm.
Key frames extraction is identified as a technique to minimize the vast collection of frames in a video. Four features are extracted from each frame: histogram, edge, slope, and wavelets. The literature review section references research papers and books that inform the implementation of VSM, including studies on similarity analysis of video sequences and key frame extraction.
The key elements of VSM are outlined, including the input of source and test data (videos or images), key frames extraction, feature extraction, and application of statistical models for decision making. The problem statement highlights the need for automated video evaluation systems, particularly in scenarios like security checks on public transportation and video database management in TV stations.
The proposed solution revolves around VSM’s ability to process videos, focusing on key frames extraction, feature extraction, and statistical model application for decision making. The scope of the project encompasses mean frame extraction, feature extraction algorithms, and dual-phase statistical decision making. The organization of the report is structured to cover research findings, implementation details, software functioning, and conclusions with future work discussions.
